LED light source characteristics and light emission principle

LED light source features

1. Voltage: The LED uses a low voltage power supply, and the power supply voltage is between 6-24V, which varies from product to product. Therefore, it is a safer power source than using a high voltage power supply, and is particularly suitable for use in public places.

2. Performance: 80% less energy than incandescent lamps with the same efficacy.

3, Applicability: Very small, each unit LED chip is a 3-5mm square, so it can be prepared into a variety of shapes of the device, and is suitable for a volatile environment.

4, stability: 100,000 hours, light decay is the initial 50%.

5. Response time: The response time of its incandescent lamp is milliseconds, and the response time of the LED lamp is nanoseconds.

6, on the environmental pollution: no harmful metal mercury.

7, color: change the current can be discolored, light-emitting diodes easily through chemical modification methods, adjust the energy band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color red orange green blue light. If the current is small, the red LED can turn orange, yellow, and finally green as the current increases.

8, grid: LED prices are more expensive than incandescent lamps, the price of a few LEDs can be equivalent to the price of an incandescent lamp, and usually each signal lamp needs to be composed of 300 to 500 diodes.

The principle of light

LED is the abbreviation of English light emitting diode (LED), its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor material, placed on a leaded shelf, and then sealed with epoxy resin around to protect the internal core Role, so the LED's seismic performance is good.

The core part of the light emitting diode is a wafer composed of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and there is a transition layer between the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor, which is called a pn junction. In the PN junction of some semiconductor materials, the injected minority carrier and the majority carrier compound will release the excess energy in the form of light, thereby converting the electrical energy directly into light energy. The PN junction increases the reverse voltage, making it difficult for minority carriers to inject, so it does not emit light. This kind of diode made by the principle of injection electroluminescence is called light emitting diode, commonly known as LED. When it is in the forward working state (ie, the forward voltage is applied at both ends), the current flows from the anode of the LED to the cathode, and the semiconductor crystal emits light of different colors from ultraviolet to infrared. The intensity of the light is related to the current.

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